A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times. The following diagram illustrates a loop statement −
while loop : Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is TRUE. It tests the condition before executing the loop body.
for loop : Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable.
nested loops : You can use one or more loop inside any another while, for or do..while loop.
While Loop
A while loop statement in Python programming language repeatedly executes a target statement as long as a given condition is true.
Syntax : The syntax of a while loop in Python programming language is −
while expression:
statement(s)
count = 0
while (count < 9):
print ('The count is:', count)
count = count + 1
print ("Good bye!")
The count is: 0
The count is: 1
The count is: 2
The count is: 3
The count is: 4
The count is: 5
The count is: 6
The count is: 7
The count is: 8
Good bye!
The Infinite Loop
A loop becomes infinite loop if a condition never becomes FALSE. You must use caution when using while loops because of the possibility that this condition never resolves to a FALSE value. This results in a loop that never ends. Such a loop is called an infinite loop.
var = 1
while var == 1 :
num = input("Enter a number :")
print( "You entered: ", num)
print ("Good bye!")
Enter a number :2
You entered: 2
Enter a number :3
You entered: 3
Enter a number :4
You entered: 4
Enter a number :1
You entered: 1
Using else Statement with While Loop
Python supports to have an else statement associated with a loop statement. If the else statement is used with a while loop, the else statement is executed when the condition becomes false.
count = 0
while count < 5:
print (count, " is less than 5")
count = count + 1
else:
print (count, " is not less than 5")
0 is less than 5
1 is less than 5
2 is less than 5
3 is less than 5
4 is less than 5
5 is not less than 5
For Loop
It has the ability to iterate over the items of any sequence, such as a list or a string.
Syntax
for iterating_var in sequence:
statements(s)
for letter in 'Python':
print ('Current Letter :', letter)
fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']
for fruit in fruits:
print ('Current fruit :', fruit)
print ("Good bye!")
Current Letter : P
Current Letter : y
Current Letter : t
Current Letter : h
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : n
Current fruit : banana
Current fruit : apple
Current fruit : mango
Good bye!
Iterating by Sequence Index
An alternative way of iterating through each item is by index offset into the sequence itself. Following is a simple example −
fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']
for index in range(len(fruits)):
print ('Current fruit :', fruits[index])
print ("Good bye!")
Current fruit : banana
Current fruit : apple
Current fruit : mango
Good bye!
Using else Statement with For Loop
Python supports to have an else statement associated with a loop statement. If the else statement is used with a for loop, the else statement is executed when the loop has exhausted iterating the list.
for num in range(10,20):
for i in range(2,num):
if num%i == 0:
j=num/i
print ('%d equals %d * %d' % (num,i,j))
break
else:
print (num, 'is a prime number')
10 equals 2 * 5
11 is a prime number
12 equals 2 * 6
13 is a prime number
14 equals 2 * 7
15 equals 3 * 5
16 equals 2 * 8
17 is a prime number
18 equals 2 * 9
19 is a prime number
Additional Controls
Loop control statements change execution from its normal sequence. When execution leaves a scope, all automatic objects that were created in that scope are destroyed.
break statement - Terminates the loop statement and transfers execution to the statement immediately following the loop.
continue statement - Causes the loop to skip the remainder of its body and immediately retest its condition prior to reiterating.
pass statement - The pass statement in Python is used when a statement is required syntactically but you do not want any command or code to execute.
Break Statement
It terminates the current loop and resumes execution at the next statement, just like the traditional break statement in C.
for letter in 'Python':
if letter == 'h':
break
print ('Current Letter :', letter)
var = 10
while var > 0:
print ('Current variable value :', var)
var = var -1
if var == 5:
break
print ("Good bye!")
Current Letter : P
Current Letter : y
Current Letter : t
Current variable value : 10
Current variable value : 9
Current variable value : 8
Current variable value : 7
Current variable value : 6
Good bye!
Continue Statement
It returns the control to the beginning of the while loop.. The continue statement rejects all the remaining statements in the current iteration of the loop and moves the control back to the top of the loop.
for letter in 'Python':
if letter == 'h':
continue
print ('Current Letter :', letter)
var = 10
while var > 0:
var = var -1
if var == 5:
continue
print ('Current variable value :', var)
print ("Good bye!")
Current Letter : P
Current Letter : y
Current Letter : t
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : n
Current variable value : 9
Current variable value : 8
Current variable value : 7
Current variable value : 6
Current variable value : 4
Current variable value : 3
Current variable value : 2
Current variable value : 1
Current variable value : 0
Good bye!
Pass Statement
- It is used when a statement is required syntactically but you do not want any command or code to execute.
- The pass statement is a null operation; nothing happens when it executes. The pass is also useful in places where your code will eventually go, but has not been written yet
for letter in 'Python':
if letter == 'h':
pass
print ('This is pass block')
print ('Current Letter :', letter)
print ("Good bye!")
Current Letter : P
Current Letter : y
Current Letter : t
This is pass block
Current Letter : h
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : n
Good bye!
